Workplace Inequality And Gender Inequality - 1678 Words

Workplace Inequality Brittany N. Shipley Central Penn College Abstract As you are reading you will be informed of the many factors that can contribute to workplace inequality. Three factors associated with workplace would include (1) the individuals gender can determine compensation (2) the race or ethnicity of an individual (3) the age of the individuals. All such factors contribute to the issues of workplace inequality, not only in gender but race and age as well. Keywords: Compensation, job, race/ethnicity, gender, age, pay gap Workplace Inequality In 1963 United States President, John F. Kennedy signed the Equal Pay Act of 1963, which was meant to make every single effort to close the pay gap. On the other hand this pay gap still exists in the United States not only for women but men and women of many different races/ ethnicities, and ages are affected with workplace inequality. In the 1970’s the pay gap began to lessen because women and their growth in education and workplace involvement and to men’s salaries increasing at a much slower speed than before and in 2014 women who had full-time employment in the United States in general remained around 79 percent of whatever a male individual was compensated, making a gap of 21 percent in pay gap just between gender. (By the Numbers) The Pay Gap Gender pay gap which is defined as the pay difference in men and women’s average incomes, typically described as either the earnings ratio among men and women and could beShow MoreRelatedGender Inequality Of The Workplace1255 Words   |  6 Pages Fact or Fiction: Gender Inequality in the Workplace Will respect resolve the gender inequality issue in the workplace? While there s always going to be a person who craves more money because greed is a major factor in why respect is in decline in the workplace. Gender inequality is prevalent in the workplace, but we can bridge the gap if more people had respect for their counterparts. Enforcing this amongst employees will cut down on discrimination lawsuit cases and these companies can growRead MoreGender Inequalities in the Workplace1963 Words   |  8 Pages‘Describe and analyse gender inequalities in the workplace?’ Gender inequalities in the workplace have been an ongoing issue for many years, which has mainly been central to women in the workplace, as senior management has prioritised men over women. This has made it very difficult for women to work their way up to management as women are considered to be incompetent compared to the men in the workplace. The wage gap between men and women has raised much debate, as men are generally more likelyRead MoreGender Inequality And The Workplace Essay1344 Words   |  6 PagesGender inequality or also known as gender stratification, is the unequal distribution of a society’s wealth, power, and privilege between females and males. (Scott and Schwartz, 2000). Even though gender equality in the workplace has improved substantially in the US since 1979 especially when women started representing an increasingly larger share of the total workforce and earning about 62 percent as much as men, the women s average pay continues to be lower than thatRead MoreGender Inequality Within The Workplace Essay1209 Words   |  5 PagesGender Inequality in the Workplace The generation now has made it easier to equalize men and women but there is still a substantial amount of places where gender inequality is still happening in the workplace and where females still face discrimination. Women are often discriminated in the workplace and are usually not promoted as quickly as men are and they also receive less pay. History shows that women have not always been defined as property and thought of as second class citizens. But inRead MoreGender Inequality And The Workplace1630 Words   |  7 Pageshardship between women and men[1] (Baunach, 2002; Isaac, Kaatz, Carnes, 2012; Levy Temin, 2007). There is substantial research on the role of sex segregation in the workforce, the gender wage gap, the glass ceiling and the differences in median earnings for men and women (England, 2010; England Folbre, 2003). Gender inequities and the economic experiences of women and men continue to be present in the life course as individuals enter senior age (Sullivan M eschede, 2016). Senior women are moreRead MoreEssay on Gender Inequality in the Workplace1247 Words   |  5 Pagesexperienced a historic situation of inequality in the social as well as professional aspects. Women were normally the ones that would take care of children, do the chores in the house, and in rural areas; they would work in the field with the rest of the family. However, today’s women have become more self-sufficient and independent from the predominant male figure within every historical family. Gender inequality in the workplace is becoming less common; yet, gender is a factor that affects men andRead MoreGender Inequality During The Workplace1613 Words   |  7 PagesGender Inequality in the Workplace It was the holiday season and the workers were vigorously working to receive that desperately needed bonus. The day before the holiday break, the workers were eagerly lined up to receive their checks along with their bonuses. After receiving their checks, Susan got a glimpse of Christopher’s check and she noticed how she was paid far less than him even though they both had the same position and worked the same amount of hours. Throughout various aspects of societyRead MoreGender Inequality Within The Workplace1379 Words   |  6 Pages  Gender inequality refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. It arises from differences in socially constructed gender roles as well as biologically through chromosomes, brain structure, and hormonal differences. There is a natural difference also in the relative physical strengths of the sexes. In the workplace Income disparities linked to job stratification Wage discrimination exists when workers are equally qualified and perform the same work butRead MoreWorkplace Gender Inequality Essay1615 Words   |  7 PagesWorkplace Gender Inequality Gender inequality is currently a hot topic in our society. From education, to the entertainment industry, and more importantly, our daily lives, gender inequality has created a powerful divide between females and males with the seemingly same qualifications and background. The same trend follows in the workplace, females are less likely to hold positions of authority compared to their equivalent male counterparts. This is a key contributor to the lack of gender equalityRead MoreGender Inequality During The Workplace1609 Words   |  7 PagesGender Inequality in the Workplace Times have changed; western women have more influence in the workplace than ever before in history. Today women make up 19% of Congress, almost double the share from 20 years ago. Five percent of women are now serving as CEOs of Fortune 500 companies (Pew Research â€Å"Women in Leadership). Approximately 65 percent of women work in high paying careers, triple that of 40 years ago. The gender gap in salary is also less than it was decades ago. In spite of these advances

A Birthday Surprise Free Essays

It was 19th May of 2006 and it was my father’s birthday. He is the kind of person who prefers simple dinners with his own family instead of noisy celebration with relatives and friends. But that day was special cuz he had his 40th birthday. We will write a custom essay sample on A Birthday Surprise or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was Saturday and after we wished him happy birthday, he went to work. Well my father thought that we were just going to have a dinner as always. But this is what he knew while my mom and I had organized a birthday surprise. She had invited all his close friends and family for a cocktail party in the evening. Everything was ready. Even why I passed all the day shopping I couldn’t wait till my dad came home. Anyway he arrived sooner than I thought and later I began to get dressed. I was totally excited. My mom had the most difficult ‘job’ if I can say so. She had to convinced him to wear a suit and she made it up. Another anusual thing happened. I wrote unusual because my mom asked him to drive. She never did this maybe she has her own car that’s why. I think that my dad understood that he had missed something. So began to ask where are we going and why am I wearing a suit. I told him we changed the reservation but it was irritated hearing him asking the same question over and over again. But finally we arrived and everyone was waiting for him. When my father entered in all began to sing the happy birthday song. I remember everyone had a great time and I won’t forget my father;s happy face telling me I knew something was going on. Time by time I have a look to those photos we had. It really was a special day. How to cite A Birthday Surprise, Papers

Business Application System free essay sample

Business Application System University of Phoenix BSA 411, Systems Analysis Methodologies September 6, 2010 Introduction There are many different business problems or business opportunities in today’s business world that need to be corrected. I have been a part of a few project teams that were responsible for correcting a few of these business problems at some of the different companies I have worked for. In this paper I will discuss the one that I feel was the biggest success due to how it helped the company. Business Application System Many years ago I worked for the hydraulic parts division of Dana Corporation particularly in the machining area. During this time there arose the need for a better business system to track what parts we had on hand and what parts we needed to make to fill the incoming orders. Being that I had a lot of experience in my department I was asked to be a part of the project team to create the system. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Application System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The new business system would need to be able to track, in real time, what parts were needed to fill customer orders, what parts we currently had on hand in storage, and what parts were currently in the process of being machined. In order to make this business system happen there were several barriers we would have to overcome. Some of the barriers included assessing the current business situation and the business systems needs, designing the new business system that would be used to replace the old system and fix the business problem, and implementation of the new business system with as little interruption to the company output as possible. Assessing the Business System There are several different methods that can be used to gather information for analyzing requirements, some of which are more effective than others. One of those methods of information gathering for analyzing requirements is to survey to all of the employees that you can within the company. The major drawback to the survey method is that you must be very careful about the question you ask so that you get back the most useful information. Another drawback with the survey method is that many people that receive a survey might not fill it out and send it back to you. Another method of information gathering for analyzing requirements is to interview people and departments about their daily activities and needs. The biggest drawback to this method is the time that it can take to conduct all these interviews. Also some people may not want to talk in groups and some people may only feel comfortable talking when they are in a group setting. A third method of information gathering is to go around to the different areas in a corporation and get as much information about their processes as you can and then look at the standard operating procedures for the process the corporation has. This can be one of the better methods to use because you will not have to worry about people telling one thing and the company procedures saying to do it another. When you look at the company’s standard procedures you will find the approved method of doing business within company. A very good way to gather information in this third method is to go around a company and watch people and make as many notes as possible on how business is done on a day to day basis. In the end there is no one correct or incorrect method for gathering the required information. In fact the best method for gathering information for analyzing requirements is a combination of the multiple methods. The one thing to keep in mind is that the method used should be the one that is best suited for the type of information you are trying to gather. Once the information is gathered you will then move into designing the business system. Designing the Business System In the past most of the software development cycles followed a waterfall type technique. In this type of technique every step was dependant on the one before it and one step could not occur without the other. In today’s developments, this type of mentality has shown to be more of a burden than an asset on the development process. Development methodologies like the Rational Unified Process concentrate more on getting the information right the first time instead of a structured development cycle. It is important to remember when designing a business system to include feedback from all end users as much as possible. User feedback is one of the most important factors in any system and this is especially true with software. Knowing how information is going to flow through the system is very important to the mapping of the business process. Rational Unified Process gathers requirements for data flow through use cases. The requirements are then separated into two groups which are either physical or logical components to the system. Physical components are made up of anything that can be touched, seen, or heard. The physical model lays out how the components of the system are to be organized. The model is also important when trying to troubleshoot issues within the system. Physical diagrams are usually made up of network topologies. These designs show the location of network components and how they interact with one another. When using the physical diagram it is possible to follow the whole system to see how data interoperates with the physical components of the system. In the cases of system failures the physical diagram can help to determine where breakdowns have occurred and what will be needed to fix the issue. Logical components map out the relationship of the logical components in the system. Software systems are most often broken up into different tiers which are responsible for specific purposes. This separates the components from each other and provides a higher level of reusability. Software logical tiers can include data, business logic, and presentation but outside of operating systems software cannot exist by itself. This means that another component of the logical design must be the mapping out of how the software will reside in the physical system. This will include the platform on which the software runs as well as any necessary middleware components and the software itself. The logical design can be much more intensive when compared to a physical design because it covers everything from entity relationship diagrams for the data to object modeling of the software. The logical design also maps out the processes by which the different components interact. Every company handles business processes in their own unique way. Mapping the business process flow is a very important step in any system design and knowing how the data is stored in the database is not much help if the business rules defining the data are not known. Once you have the new business system designed then you will be ready to move on to the implementation of the new system. Implementation of the Business System There are two main methods that a person could use to implement a business system. These two methods for implementation include parallel and cut-over. In the parallel method the new system is brought up next to the old system and both systems are running the same data at the same time. The parallel method is helpful if an analyst thinks that there might be an issue with the new system and how the old systems data will be handled by the new system. The parallel method would also allow for data integrity checking between the old and new systems. The second method is referred to as the cut-over method. In the cut-over method the new system is brought on line and the old system is dropped off line pretty much all at the same time. The major drawback to this method is there is no way to check to see if the new system and old system handle the data the same way and there is no the chance for integrity checking of the data. The number one reason for using a cut-over method is that there is not a current system in place. There are also many different tools that can be used to implement a business system. One of the tools available is a graphical user programming environment, or GUE, that can be used to modify the source code in order to change the end users windows to comply with the company’s wants and needs. Another tool that is available is one that is specific to the program used and comes with the business system software. With the business system software tool a programmer can use it to modify the business system software so the business process matches the company’s requirements and add a level of customization to the business system software. Conclusion The business system that we as a project team designed and implemented for Dana Corporation was a huge success. It helped them to not only keep better track of what parts we had on hand it also helped the company to actually decrease the amount of time it took to fill customers orders which related to a higher customer satisfaction. Without proper assessment, design, and implementation we would not have been able to overcome the barriers that we faced. References Blaha, M. Rumbaugh, J. (2005). Object-Oriented Modeling and Design with UML (2nd ed. ). Prentice Hall. Curran, T. Ladd, A. (2000). SAP R/3 Business Blueprint: Understanding Enterprise Supply Chain Management. Prentice Hall. Stockley, D. (1996-2010). Implementing new business systems successfully. Retrieved September 5, 2010, from http://derekstockley. com. au/lgpro. html

The Caucasian Chalk Circle Essay Example

The Caucasian Chalk Circle Essay Research investigation: What Verfremdungs Effekts does Brecht script in Caucasian Chalk Circle and how effective are these techniques in the dramatic movement of transformation? United World College in Mostar Student: Selmir Klicic Teacher: Melissa Ann Reed Subject: Theater Block: E First factor I would like to mention when it comes to this kind of topic is audience. The audience was always to big extent demanding for an author and a director to send the message throughout a work of art, a theater play which would be understood in proper way. Mostly concerning this problem, world’s biggest play writers developed a theory being practiced in their plays in order for better understanding of the idea by the audience. One of these theories is today called Verfremdungs Effekt or alienation effect. This significant influence was initiated by Shakespeare at first, who, using his drama plays applied V – effect for better understanding of his, usually very complicated plot. The theory kept being developed since it was first invented. A person who contributed to development of V – effect the most was Bertolt Brecht by inventing a completely new type of theater, nowdays called Brechtian Theater. His contribution was mostly based on Shakespeares theory, and it was just used as a pose and strategy to bring about the change by engaging the imagination and creative critisism. „We need a type of theatre which not only releases the feelings, insights and impulses possible within the particular historical field of human relations in which the action takes place, but employs and encourages those thoughts and feelings which help t ransform the field itself. – Brecht From the quote above we could conclude that what was important for Brecht wasnt the fiction actors would make by their performance, but the message that is contained in plot. As an example of this theory, and as my research investigation task I will take Brechts play Caucasian Chalk Circle, as well as the goal of this essay would be based on the same play. The actual goal of the research investigation is to conclude how Verfremdungs Effekt contributes to the undestranding of the idea and message being sent by the play. We will write a custom essay sample on The Caucasian Chalk Circle specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Caucasian Chalk Circle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Caucasian Chalk Circle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As it would be too long to analyze a complete piece, my research will be based on one scene from Caucasian Chalk Circle. The certain scene is the one in which two mothers are fighting about a child just like two farmers are fighting about the land. By this scene it would be possible to present the idea of emphasizing the important issues of society Brecht was trying to make us be aware of. The method that I am planning to use in the experiment is performing this scene in front of the audience two times. First time it would be without using V – effect and the second time should be performed with it. The significant thing is the reaction of audience and their opinion, as long as the research investigation is based on proper understanding of idealism being contained in a drama piece, for which audience is vital. To know the understanding of the audience I should ask questions concerning their perception of the plot. So the questions should take under the consideration both parts of the experiment. Knowing that the audience is more or less educated and familiar with the idea of V – effect, question should be prescribed as simple. 1. According to you, what was the idea of this scene? (this question should be asked after performing the first part, which has no V – effect in its performance) 2. What kind of the impression do the characters leave on you by their act in the first part, and what kind of the impression do they leave in second part? 3. Did V – effect change your understanding and prescription in second scene? If yes, please evaluate. I think that a conclusion could be properly finalized after these questions answered by the audience, are analyzed afterwards.

DIET ANALYSIS PROJECT Essay

DIET ANALYSIS PROJECT Essay DIET ANALYSIS PROJECT Essay DIET ANALYSIS PROJECT 1. A) For Grains the target was 7 ounces and the average eaten amount was 5 ounces. For Vegetables the target was 3 cups and the average eaten amount was 3 cups. For Fruits the target was 2 cups and the average eaten amount was 2 cups. For Dairy the target was 3 cups and the average eaten amount was 1Â ¾ cups. For Protein Foods the target was 6 ounces and the average eaten was 6Â ½ ounces. For Oils the target was 6 teaspoon and the average eaten was 4 teaspoons. B) In the Grains Food Group I did not met the recommended amount. In the Vegetables Food Group I met the recommended amount. In the Fruits Food Group I met the recommended amount. In the Dairy Food Group I did not met the recommended amount. In the Protein Foods Group I met the recommended amount. C) I believe the reason to me not meeting some of the recommended amounts for some of the food groups is that I’m a very picky eater. I tend to not eat foods that I don’t like or if there’s something wrong with it, looks different, and if it smells different I just can’t seem to eat it. Another reason to why I might not be getting my recommended amounts is that I usually don’t eat full meals. I usually eat very small portions and then leave everything else. This is a big disadvantage because I’m not getting the recommended amount that I’m suppose to be getting. D) Some changes that I can make would probably be to cook my food at home and sit down and eat all of my food before leaving the table. Another thing that I could do is instead of pushing food away I should try it and see if I like it or not. E) For my calorie intake I am consuming to little so I am not meeting my recommended amount. I also am consuming to many empty calories. F) The reason for this is that I usually eat on the go, which makes me eat less food in hurry. When I usually eat quickly I tend to get fuller faster, so later on in the day I get hungry and I get a snack, which sometimes is a bad snack instead of a good one. Something’s that I could change would probably be to not eat in a hurry or if I do at least eat the things that are important nutrition wise. Another thing that I could do would be to choose healthier snacks rather than choose bad ones. 2. A) For my vitamin and mineral intake I didn’t meet all of my required targets some of those nutrients where calcium, potassium, iron, vitamin D, vitamin E and choline, the rest of the minerals I did meet the recommended amounts. B) If I continue the way that I am with out these minerals and vitamins there will be some very sever consequences. One of the minerals that I am lacking in is calcium and in the short term my body will maintain calcium levels in the blood by taking it from my bones. But in the long-term, low levels of calcium can cause low bone mass (osteopenia) and can increase the risks of osteoporosis and bone fractures. Low level of potassium can cause skin to become dry, depression, fatigue, and slow reflexes. Long-term effects cause extreme potassium deficiency leads to hypertension and congestive heart failure. I also lacked in iron, which is bad because it can lead to iron deficiency anemia, which means I’m not producing enough hemoglobin that can lead to a loss of energy. Vitamin E was another nutrient that I was

Complete Guide Which Schools Use the Common Application

Complete Guide Which Schools Use the Common Application SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you applying to college soon? If so, you’ve probably heard of the Common Application- an online application you can use for more than 800 colleges. Since you only have to fill out one application, it saves you time when applying to college. But which colleges use the Common Application? And which Common Application schools are in your state? We have a complete list here, broken down by state and updated for the 2019-20 academic year. What Is the Common Application? The Common Application is a college application shared by its member colleges. Member colleges then accept this application from prospective students. So what does this mean for you? Instead of filling out an individual application for each school, all you have to do is fill out the Common Application once and send it to whichever colleges you want to apply to that accept it. However, this doesn’t mean you can apply to dozens of colleges with the click of a button. Many colleges have additional supplements you have to submit. These are forms with additional questions and sometimes an extra essay. Furthermore, most colleges have application fees, so you can’t apply to hundreds of schools- unless, of course, you have a lot of money to burn! Finally, the Common Application only accepts colleges that use a holistic review process. In other words, Common Application colleges look at each applicant as a whole, taking into account grades, SAT/ACT scores, essays, extracurricular activities, letters of recommendation, etc. Because of this, all of these components are part of the Common Application. (However, the essay isno longer required for all schools.) // Who Uses the Common Application? More than 800 colleges use the Common Application! At least one college in every state accepts it, with the exception of North Dakota. In addition, more than 50 international universities from 18 countries accept the Common Application. While the Common Application is used by many private universities, some public school systems, including many schools in the State University of New York (SUNY) system, accept it as well. However, you should be aware that public schools tend to have their own application systems. Lastly, the Common Application is accepted by the following top colleges and universities: All eight Ivy League schools(Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Harvard, Princeton, the University of Pennsylvania, and Yale) Many other highly selective schools, including Stanford, the University of Chicago, Caltech, Johns Hopkins, Northwestern, Vanderbilt, and Rice Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Complete List of Common Application Members Without further delay, here is the complete list of colleges that use the Common Application. The first list is organized alphabetically by state/region for US universities, while the second list is organized alphabetically by country for international schools. If you're wondering whether a particular school uses the Common Application, you can search for it on this page by using the ctrl + F function. Common Application Members by US State/Territory The following list contains all Common Application members within the US (states and territories). Alabama Birmingham-Southern College Samford University Spring Hill College University of Alabama at Birmingham University of South Alabama Alaska Alaska Pacific University Arizona Arizona State University Benedictine University Prescott College University of Arizona Arkansas Hendrix College Lyon College California AMDA College and Conservatory of the Performing Arts California College of the Arts California Institute of Technology (Caltech) California Lutheran University Chapman University Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science Claremont McKenna College Columbia College Hollywood Concordia University Irvine The Culinary Institute of America Dharma Realm Buddhist University Dominican University of California Harvey Mudd College Holy Names University Loyola Marymount University Marymount California University Menlo College Mills College Minerva Schools at KGI Mount Saint Mary's University, Los Angeles Notre Dame de Namur University Occidental College Otis College of Art and Design Pepperdine University Pitzer College Point Loma Nazarene University Pomona College Saint Mary's College of California Santa Clara University Scripps College Soka University of America Southern California Institute of Architecture Stanford University University of La Verne University of the Pacific University of Redlands University of San Diego University of San Francisco University of Southern California University of the West Westmont College Whittier College Woodbury University Colorado Colorado College Colorado State University Johnson Wales University- Denver Naropa University Regis University University of Colorado Boulder University of Denver University of Northern Colorado Western Colorado University Connecticut Albertus Magnus College Central Connecticut State University Connecticut College Eastern Connecticut State University Fairfield University Mitchell College Quinnipiac University Sacred Heart University Southern Connecticut State University Trinity College University of Bridgeport University of Connecticut University of Hartford University of New Haven University of Saint Joseph Wesleyan University Western Connecticut State University Yale University Delaware University of Delaware District ofColumbia American University The Catholic University of America The George Washington University Howard University Trinity Washington University Florida Ave Maria University Barry University Eckerd College Flagler College Florida Institute of Technology Florida Polytechnic University Florida Southern College Florida State University Jacksonville University Johnson Wales University- North Miami Keiser University Flagship Campus- West Palm Beach Lynn University New College of Florida Nova Southeastern University Ringling College of Art and Design Rollins College Saint Leo University St. Thomas University Stetson University University of Central Florida University of Miami University of North Florida University of Tampa University of West Florida Webber International University Wilkes Honors College of FAU Georgia Agnes Scott College Berry College Brenau University Clark Atlanta University Emmanuel College Emory University Georgia College Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) Georgia State University Mercer University Morehouse College Oglethorpe University Piedmont College Savannah College of Art and Design Spelman College Hawaii Chaminade University of Honolulu Hawai'i Pacific University Idaho The College of Idaho Northwest Nazarene University University of Idaho Illinois Augustana College Benedictine University Bradley University Chicago State University Columbia College Chicago Concordia University Chicago DePaul University Flashpoint Chicago, A Campus of Columbia College Hollywood Illinois College Illinois Institute of Technology Illinois Wesleyan University Knox College Lake Forest College Lewis University MacMurray College McKendree University Millikin University Monmouth College North Park University Northwestern University Principia College Quincy University Saint Xavier University School of the Art Institute of Chicago Trinity Christian College University of Chicago University of Illinois at Chicago University of St. Francis Wheaton College Indiana Anderson University Butler University DePauw University Earlham College Franklin College Goshen College Hanover College Holy Cross College Indiana University Bloomington Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) Manchester University Purdue University Purdue University Fort Wayne Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Saint Mary's College of Indiana Saint Mary-of-the-Woods College Trine University University of Evansville University of Indianapolis University of Notre Dame University of Saint Francis- Fort Wayne Valparaiso University Wabash College Iowa Coe College Cornell College Drake University Grinnell College Luther College Morningside College Simpson College St. Ambrose University University of Dubuque University of Iowa University of Northern Iowa Upper Iowa University Wartburg College Kansas Benedictine College McPherson College University of Kansas Kentucky Asbury University Bellarmine University Centre College Eastern Kentucky University Transylvania University University of Kentucky Louisiana Centenary College of Louisiana Dillard University Louisiana State University AM- Baton Rouge Loyola University New Orleans Tulane University University of New Orleans Xavier University of Louisiana Maine Bates College Bowdoin College Colby College College of the Atlantic Husson University Maine College of Art Maine Maritime Academy Saint Joseph's College of Maine Thomas College Unity College University of Maine University of Maine at Farmington University of Maine at Fort Kent University of Maine at Machias University of Maine at Presque Isle University of New England University of Southern Maine Maryland Capitol Technology University Frostburg State University Goucher College Hood College Johns Hopkins University Loyola University Maryland Maryland Institute College of Art McDaniel College Notre Dame of Maryland University Salisbury University St. John's College St. Mary's College of Maryland Stevenson University University of Maryland, Baltimore County Washington College Massachusetts Amherst College Anna Maria College Assumption College Babson College Bard College at Simon's Rock- The Early College Bay Path University Becker College Bentley University Boston College Boston University Brandeis University Bridgewater State University Clark University College of the Holy Cross Curry College Dean College Eastern Nazarene College Elms College Emerson College Emmanuel College Framingham State University Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering Hampshire College Harvard College Hellenic College Hult International Business School Lasell College Lesley University Massachusetts College of Art and Design Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (MCPHS University) Merrimack College Montserrat College of Art Mount Holyoke College Nichols College Northeastern University Pine Manor College Regis College SimmonsUniversity Smith College Springfield College Stonehill College Suffolk University Tufts University University of Massachusetts Amherst University of Massachusetts Boston University of Massachusetts Dartmouth University of Massachusetts Lowell Wellesley College Wentworth Institute of Technology Western New England University Wheaton College Williams College Worcester Polytechnic Institute Michigan Albion College Alma College Calvin College Hillsdale College Hope College Kalamazoo College Kettering University Lawrence Technological University Michigan State University Northwood University Olivet College Spring Arbor University University of Detroit Mercy University of Michigan University of Michigan- Flint Wayne State University Western Michigan University Minnesota Augsburg University Carleton College College of Saint Benedict College of St. Scholastica Concordia College of Moorhead Gustavus Adolphus College Hamline University Macalester College Saint John's University Saint Mary's University of Minnesota St. Catherine University St. Olaf College University of Minnesota Duluth University of Minnesota Morris University of Minnesota Rochester University of Minnesota Twin Cities University of St. Thomas Mississippi Millsaps College Mississippi State University University of Mississippi (Ole Miss) University of Southern Mississippi Missouri Columbia College Drury University Lindenwood University Maryville University of St. Louis Missouri University of Science and Technology Rockhurst University Saint Louis University Southeast Missouri State University St. Louis College of Pharmacy Stephens College Truman State University University of Central Missouri University of Missouri University of Missouri- Kansas City University of Missouri- St. Louis Washington University in St. Louis Webster University Westminster College William Jewell College Montana Carroll College University of Montana University of Providence Nebraska Creighton University Hastings College Nebraska Wesleyan University University of Nebraska- Lincoln Nevada Sierra Nevada College University of Nevada, Las Vegas New Hampshire Colby-Sawyer College Dartmouth College Franklin Pierce University Keene State College New England College New Hampshire Institute of Art Plymouth State University Rivier University Saint Anselm College Southern New Hampshire University University of New Hampshire New Jersey Bloomfield College Caldwell University Centenary University The College of New Jersey College of Saint Elizabeth Drew University Fairleigh Dickinson University Felician University Georgian Court University Kean University Monmouth University New Jersey City University New Jersey Institute of Technology Princeton University Ramapo College of New Jersey Rider University Rowan University Saint Peter's University Seton Hall University Stevens Institute of Technology Stockton University William Paterson University of NJ New Mexico St. John's College Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. New York Adelphi University Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Alfred University The American Musical and Dramatic Academy Bard College Barnard College Canisius College Cazenovia College Clarkson University Colgate University College of Mount Saint Vincent The College of New Rochelle The College of Saint Rose Columbia University Concordia College The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art Cornell University The Culinary Institute of America CUNY Queens College D'Youville College Daemen College Dominican College Elmira College Fordham University Hamilton College Hartwick College Hilbert College Hobart and William Smith Colleges Hofstra University Houghton College Iona College Ithaca College Keuka College Le Moyne College List College- The Jewish Theological Seminary Long Island University Brooklyn Long Island University Post Manhattan College Manhattanville College Marist College Marymount Manhattan College Mercy College Molloy College Mount Saint Mary College 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At present, 60 schools outside the USuse the Common Application. 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The Common Application isn’t the only application you can use to apply to college. Learn about the Universal College Application and what sets it apart. Working on your college essay? Learn what not to dowith our in-depth guide. Trying to decide if you should retake the SAT or ACT? Learn how to develop a target ACT score or SAT score based on the colleges you want to apply to. You can also read about ACT/SAT scores for the Ivy League. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Developing Countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Developing Countries - Essay Example They are also countries that facing problems of environmental issues, health, education, housing and many sectors of underdevelopment. A developing nation, is that nation that have low standard of living, especially in the Economic, Political and social basis. A country where its people are getting low income, witnessing inflation, poverty and other features can be refer to as Developing nation. These countries can also be called 'Underdeveloped'. An Economist (Gerard Chaliand) who wrote on Developing countries, where he defines what all about developing nations and their features states that "The economically underdeveloped countries of Asia, Africa, Oceania, and Latin America, considered as an entity with common characteristics, such as poverty, high birthrates, and economic dependence on the advanced countries". Some features of developing nations include highly dependent on foreign goods. These sorts of countries always finding market for the finishing goods of developed nations. While in the developing nations most of the Industries are collapse not functioning, properly. As a result, they depend solely on importing goods from abroad for their people. There high rates of poverty in such countries, wide range of poverty and diseases and many other features. Socially, the developing nations are found with high rates of... Politically and economically, the features of the developing nations include social conflicts that in many of these countries continue to sabotaging their economies. Additionally, another feature of developing nations are those nations that always preferring their economy toward the betterment of Developed countries. Since we have read so far on the features of developing nations, even though in a nutshell, there is a need now to begin discussions on the main subject of the essay. DEBTS CRISES IN DEVELOPING NATIONS According to research conducted on the debt crises in the developing nations, its started dated back to 80s. (Seamus O'Cleireacain) (1990). explained when the crises of debts began in developing nations. He said "The crisis emerged over a weekend in mid- August 1982, when Mexico informed the United States and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) that it was unable to meet its debt payments. Soon, the crisis had engulfed other developing countries. It stalled forty years of economic growth in the Third World, producing the worse recession in Latin America since the 1930s. As the development process slowed, education and child welfare were among the budget items slashed in many countries, causing UNICEF to include the debt crisis among the factors contributing to a slowing in the decline in infant mortality. 1 UNICEF estimated that the slowdown in development had cost the lives of an additional half-million children, raising to fourteen million the number of under five-year-olds who die every year. The debt crisis also inflicted costs on developed country taxpayers and shareholders". At this point, it is important to state that it is noted that the origin of debts problems in developing nations begun since

Management Society and new forms of work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management Society and new forms of work - Essay Example On the other hand, it can be seen that this concept raises a lot of social issues that might also destabilise peace and tranquillity in different areas. Against this backdrop, this paper has been designed to explore the reasons why the issue of precarity is of concern to the current labour and management practices. The paper starts by outlining the concept of precarity and its impact on the welfare of people as well as to suggest measures that can be implemented in order to address this particular problem. The concept of precarity is a quite a new sociological discourse in the contemporary labour and management practice. â€Å"In 2003, the concept of precarity emerged as the central organizing platform for a series of social struggles that would spread across the space of Europe,† (Neilson & Rossiter, 2009, p. 51). This concept is concerned with highlighting the issue that social security in different workplaces is disappearing as a result of the fact that the employers are pr imarily concerned with productivity in their organizations while overlooking the needs and interests of the employees such as improving their welfare through offering them rewards for their efforts. This scenario is evident in different sectors of the society where people working on part time basis, permanent employees as well as the unemployed often find themselves in a predicament where they often fail to derive security from their jobs. These people live a precarious life whereby it can be seen that they are not in a position to secure themselves against things like mounting debts as well as to enjoy good welfare. People who are entitled to low wages also face the same predicament since they are forced to eke a living from the meagre income they earn from their work. The concept of precarity has negative effects on different sectors of the economy and society at large. Generally speaking, employees living under precarious conditions are not satisfied with their work. According to a study by Patterson et al (1998) entitled, ‘Impact of People Management Practices on Business Performance,’ it can be seen that people in an organization make a difference between success and failure. The management practices have an impact on the performance of the people in the organization. People who are satisfied with their work are productive compared to those who are not. Satisfaction can be derived if the employees are rewarded for their effort in an organization. However, if there are no measures in place that are designed to address the issue of employee motivation through giving them rewards for their performance, it can be observed that the workers are likely to lose goodwill in the company in the long run. The adverse effects of precarity among the workforce during the contemporary period mainly involve aspects related to quality of work as well as productivity. According to Robbins (1993), a workforce that is dissatisfied is likely to be less productive compared to workers who are happy about their work. This impacts on the performance of the organization as a whole since it may fail to achieve its set goals. On the other hand, it can be seen that this state of affairs can also compromise on the aspect of quality of the goods and services offered by the company concerned. This in turn may impact on the profitability of the company since the targeted customers

Advanced Electrolyte System Essay Example for Free

Advanced Electrolyte System Essay BENEFITS 1.Replenish fluid losses 2.It helps in sustaining mental and physical performance PROMISE â€Å"complete sports drinks† REASON TO BELIEVE 1.It has 15 g of Carbohydrates which is the bodys main source of energy. It is also primary fuel source for muscles which are working at a moderate to high intensity and prolonged endurance. 2.It has sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium which replenish the electrolytes commonly lost through sweat. Electrolytes regulate body’s water and blood pH level. UNIQUE SELLING PROPOSITION To male and female that are active in sports. It is designed to balance the body fluids to give fast hydration and energy. It has Electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium) and Carbohydrates which is effective and ideal in maintaining performance in sports. Go for the Complete Sports Drink. They are designed to effectively replace the fluids and minerals that are lost by sweating. They also provide a boost of carbohydrates (fuel) and help to sustain physical performance. New POWERADE ION4 ® helps replenish fluid losses and the four key electrolytes in the same ratio typically lost in sweat: sodium, potassium, calcium andmagnesium. It also contains carbohydrates at 15 calories per 100mL. POWERADE ION4 ® encourages the body to absorb fluid and maintain fluid balance. Carbohydrates are replaced as well, supplying your working muscles with fuel, helping you sustain mental and physical performance as you exercise. To help you fight off dehydration, POWERADE ION4 ®doesn’t switch your thirst receptors off prematurely. It keeps you feeling thirsty until you’re properly rehydrated. When sweating, the body loses more than just water. It loses these electrolytes which are important in exercise. The importance of each was reviewed by The American College of Sports Medicine, American Dietetic Association and Dietitians of Canada and it was learned that: Sodium is a critical electrolyte, which helps you sweat effectively and aids in muscle contraction; Potassium, on the other hand, is important in the overall energy metabolism; Third of the four key ions is calcium, which essential for overall bone metabolism; Lastly, magnesium plays a vital role in regulating cardiovascular and neuromuscular functions to sustain your performance. Drinking Powerade Ion4, completely packed with these four vital ions, is the most effective way to replace fluid and fuel losses. mountain Blast, Orange Burst and Silver Charge.

Literacy In America Essay -- Illiteracy In America

At least 40 million American adults need stronger literacy skills to take advantage of more lifelong learning opportunities (Knowles 12). Low literacy limits life chances, regardless of how it is defined or measured. According to The Random House Dictionary literacy is defined as â€Å"the quality or state of being literate, esp. the ability to read and write.† Another breakdown of the word, from the same source is â€Å"possession of education.† Basic skills and literacy abilities are widely viewed as necessities for lifelong learning and the development of success among individuals, families, communities, and even nations. Better knowledge about literacy is an essential condition for improving it. Helping children improve their literacy skills can help them develop the capacity for lifelong learning, keep pace with changing educational expectations and rapid technological change, and achieve their life goals. Today in society there are many adults with poor literacy s kills who lack the foundation they need to find and keep decent jobs, to support their children’s education and help them mold a literate future. I have taken one small step towards this problem by tutoring at two schools. The more time people put towards helping the youth of America is the more literate our population can become. Every small action can help, even if it is just tutoring at local middle and junior high schools. To determine the literacy skills of American adults, the 1992 National Adult Literacy Survey (NALS) used test items that resembled everyday life tasks. The NALS classified the results into five levels that are now commonly used to describe adults’ literacy skills. In Level 1 almost all of the adults can read a little but not well enough to fill out an application, read a food label, or read a simple story to a child. Adults in Level 2 usually can perform more complex tasks such as comparing, contrasting, or integrating pieces of information but usually not higher-level reading and problem-solving skills. Adults in levels 3 through 5 usually can perform the same types of more complex tasks with increasing length and subject matter (Knox 37). Very few adults are completely illiterate; they simply fall into the lower levels of literacy. Between 21 and 23 percent of the adult population or approximately 44 million people, according to the National Adult Literacy Survey (NALS... ...lar choice of activity and I feel this project helps our community run in an unending circle of assistance. Through volunteer work such as the activities that I have participated in the past semesters, I foresee the solution of the illiteracy problem in the country. There is hope for the future of this problem because people like myself work for this cause. If others get involved, illiteracy will continue to be reduced. â€Å"Literacy is at the heart of a nation’s future . . . and the family is at the heart of literacy. The home is a child’s first school . . . a parent is a child’s first teacher . . . and language is a child’s first subject.† -Unknown Works Cited Klevins, Chester. Materials & Methods-In Adult and Continuing Education. Los Angeles: Klevens Publication Inc., 1987. Knowles, Malcolm S. The Modern Practice of Adult Education. Chicago: Follett Publishing Company. 1980. Knox, Alan B. Helping Adults Learn. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers. 1986. Merriam, Sharan B. An Update on Adult Learning Theory. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1993. Stein, Jess. The Random House Dictionary of the English Language. New York: Random House, 1966.

Guitar Concert Reaction Paper Essay

The guitar concert last September 7 2012 was indeed a show not to miss. It presented various styles and techniques that created a very wonderful piece of art. There were many factors that made the concert more than pleasing to the spectators that were present that night. First was the aura that the concert created, it was calm yet powerful which in my point of view really made the concert not boring or easy to fall asleep. The way the guitar, violin and the Chapman stick were played together was truly above the normal capabilities of a trained person. It was really harmonious as if the players were unconsciously playing their instruments. It was really like it was a part of their body. Next, I will focus on the three instruments present in the concert and point them out individually and their effect on the quartet. First is the violin and the violinist. The violin was a great builder of harmony in the quartet as it balances the missing pieces that the guitar and the Chapman stick was not able to provide. Considering the fact that the violin as a single instrument is already good enough, it’s incorporation with the quartet was truly heavenly. The violinist was really good and truly a master in his own rights. His solos we’re magnificent and it was like he was playing with his heart out. I think that is the secret when it comes not only when playing a violin or any other instruments but also in all art forms for it to be considered successful. Next are the guitar and the guitarist. As a guitar player I am amazed on how Sir Nobel executed not only his solos but all his performances that night. He did not strum that much but he performed a very wonderful series of plucking. The guitar piece for â€Å"The Swan† was the most wonderful part of the concert because of his resiliency in the manner of his playing. It was like he really made the guitar sound like piano it was really just magical. Lastly, the Chapman stick and Miss Clutario. It was fun to see an uncommon instrument played for public. At first I was really curious on how the instrument will sound like and after she pluck/tapped the string I felt happy and not disappointed that I attended the concert. The fact that it was a dual type of instrument is outstanding. Its ability to play both rhythm and bass was just awesome. To sum it all up my experience in the guitar concert was truly worth it. I think it should cost more than a hundred but considering the fact that I’m kind off short on money, 100 is just enough. The harmony between the three was perfect that I have chills down my spine when the quartet performed with the Chapman stick and Miss Clutarios voice so heavenly. Finally the concert is really a form of getaway for it helped me relax and forget all my problems in life.

Mass communication

In a face-to-face communication, the source or the person who started talking to you expresses himself through the message in Aramaic. The encoding process involves his motor skills. These are his vocal mechanisms, the movement of his lip and tongue, his lungs, his vocal cords and the face muscles.   But what if the source had his vocal cords removed because of throat cancer? He may be able to encode his message verbally through artificial aid. But he may have difficulty doing so, nonverbally with the use of intonation, pitch and volume. That may cause the message to be encoded inappropriately or insufficiently. The channels through which you, as the receiver, receive his message are your five senses. The problem is you cannot understand the Aramaic language. Though there are channels through which people send information, there could be a possibility that it can’t be decoded. We cannot assure that you will be able to decode what the source sent, the same way he sent it.   This difference between your use of codes is an example of noise. (www.cultsock.ndirect.co.uk, 2003) An example of a distance communication is through the telephone. For instance, you have a job from a faraway place. But due to a lot of work and the other people waiting in line to use the pay phone, you only have a few minutes to call a friend, the receiver. You are the source here. You express your message through the mouthpiece of the telephone, â€Å"which transmits the signal through the telephone-wire channel†. The signal acquires static noise as it goes. This distorted signal is once again converted so it can be received at the destination or at the other end, to the receiver. Loss of information may occur, causing the message to be quite different from what you sent. The possible problem in distance communication, like in this example is, whether or not the telephone system will work properly. (Griffin,1997) In public communication, the source utilizes machines, which transmits public messages that sent to large audiences, who may be at different places at the same time. The channels are media like TV and movies. The audiences are the receivers. (University of South Florida, 2005) The Shannon-Weaver, though offering an efficient analysis, does not involve much consideration of the traces of the emotional and psychological drive of humans behind the messages they send. (Buddenhagen, 1994) Generally speaking, the model is helpful in understanding the interrelatedness of the elements in a communication process. Works Cited: Buddenhagen, E.   (1994). Communication. Retrieved August 31, 2006, from http://www.explorit.org/science/bytes/communication.html Griffin, E. (1997) Information Theory of Claude Shannon & Warren Weaver.[Electronic version] A First Look at Communication Theory.   Retrieved August 31, 2006, from http://www.afirstlook.com/archive/information.cfm?source=archther Communication: Mass, Interpersonal, and Machine-Assisted (2005). Retrieved August 31, 2006, from University of South Florida, College of arts and sciences Website: http://www.cas.usf.edu/lis/lis6260/lectures/shannon.htm The Shannon-Weaver Model. (2003). Retrieved August 31, 2006, from http://www.cultsock.ndirect.co.uk/MUHome/cshtml/introductory/sw.html               

Free Essays on Pros And Cons Of Capitol Punishment

The word "capital" in "capital punishment" refers to a person's head. In the past, people were often executed by severing their head from their body. As of 2000-OCT-19, during the last decade of the 20th century, 547 prisoners were executed in the United States one third of them in Texas. Another 3,500 wait on death rows. None have been executed in Canada; that country abolished the death punishment decades ago. The United States is one of the very few industrialized countries in the world which executes criminals. It is one of the few countries in the world which executes mentally ill persons, persons with very low IQ, and child murderers. When asked whether they prefer to keep or abolish the death penalty, about 60 to 80% of American adults say that they want to retain capital punishment. Numbers vary depending upon the precise wording of the question asked by the pollsters. When asked whether they would like to see executions continue or have them replaced with a system that guaranteed: Life imprisonment with no hope for parole, ever; That the inmate would work in the prison to earn money; That the money would be directed to helping the family of the person(s) that they killed, About 60% of Americans prefer the latter system. The American Civil Liberties Union noted that in the 1960's and 1970's only a bare majority of Americans favored capital punishment. They believe that "mounting fear of crime, and the cynical manipulation of the death penalty issue by many politicians for their own political gain, led to a shift upwards." The death penalty now has broad public support in both the United States and Canada. Surveys in the US and Canada regularly show that a sizable majority of adults are in favor of the death penalty for convicted murderers. Depending upon the exact question asked, 65 to 80% of adults are in favor of ... Free Essays on Pros And Cons Of Capitol Punishment Free Essays on Pros And Cons Of Capitol Punishment The word "capital" in "capital punishment" refers to a person's head. In the past, people were often executed by severing their head from their body. As of 2000-OCT-19, during the last decade of the 20th century, 547 prisoners were executed in the United States one third of them in Texas. Another 3,500 wait on death rows. None have been executed in Canada; that country abolished the death punishment decades ago. The United States is one of the very few industrialized countries in the world which executes criminals. It is one of the few countries in the world which executes mentally ill persons, persons with very low IQ, and child murderers. When asked whether they prefer to keep or abolish the death penalty, about 60 to 80% of American adults say that they want to retain capital punishment. Numbers vary depending upon the precise wording of the question asked by the pollsters. When asked whether they would like to see executions continue or have them replaced with a system that guaranteed: Life imprisonment with no hope for parole, ever; That the inmate would work in the prison to earn money; That the money would be directed to helping the family of the person(s) that they killed, About 60% of Americans prefer the latter system. The American Civil Liberties Union noted that in the 1960's and 1970's only a bare majority of Americans favored capital punishment. They believe that "mounting fear of crime, and the cynical manipulation of the death penalty issue by many politicians for their own political gain, led to a shift upwards." The death penalty now has broad public support in both the United States and Canada. Surveys in the US and Canada regularly show that a sizable majority of adults are in favor of the death penalty for convicted murderers. Depending upon the exact question asked, 65 to 80% of adults are in favor of ...

Blowing the Truth out

I would like to first explain what whistle blowing is and detail some the following important moral issues that go along with whistle blowing. I will try to show how this could affect any one by going over a classic case of an Eastern Airlines pilot . As well as considering how an individual can protect him or herself from becoming the victim when trying to blow the whistle. Under what circumstances, if any, is whistle blowing morally justified? Some people have argued that whistle blowing is never justified because employees have absolute obligations of confidentiality and loyalty to the organization for which they work. People who argue this way see no difference between employees who reveal trade secrets by selling information to competitors, and whistle – blowers who disclose activities harmful to others. This position is similar to another held by some business people that the sole obligation of corporate executives is to make a profit for the stockholders. If this were true, corporate executives would have no obligations to the public. However, no matter what one’s special obligation, one is never exempt from the general obligations we have to our fellow human beings. One of the most fundamental of these obligations is not to cause harm to others. Corporate executives are no more exempt from this obligation than other people. Corporations in democratic societies are run with the expectations that they will function in ways that are compatible with the public interest. Corporations in democratic societies are also run with the expectations that they will not only obey the law governing their activities, but will not do anything that undermines basic democratic processes, such as bribing public officials. In addition to having the obligation to make money for stockholders, corporate executives have the obligation to see that these obligations are complied within an organization. They also have obligations to the company’s employees, for example to maintain a safe working place. It is the failure of corporate executives to fulfill obligations of the types mentioned that create the need for whistle blowing. Just as the special obligations of corporate executives to stockholders cannot override their more fundamental obligations to others, the special obligations of employees to employer cannot override their more fundamental obligations. Such as obligations of confidentiality and loyalty cannot take precedence over the fundamental duty to act in ways that prevent unnecessary harm to others. Agreements to keep something secret have no moral standing unless the secret is itself morally justifiable. For example a no person can have an obligation to keep a secret of a plot to murder someone, because murder is an immoral act. It is for this reason also that employees have a legal obligation to report an employer who has committed or is about to commit a felony. Although there are obvious differences between the situation of employees who work for government agencies and those who work for private firms, if we leave apart the special case in which national security was involved, then the same principles apply to both. The Codes of Ethics of Government Service to which all government employees are expected to conform requires that employees put loyalty to moral principles and the national interest above loyalty to the public parties or the agency for which they work. Neither can one justify participation in an illegal or immoral activity by arguing that one was merely following orders. It has also been argued that whistle blowing is always justified because it is an exercise of the right to free speech. But, the right to free speech is not perfect. An example to shout â€Å"Fire† in a crowded theater because that is likely to cause a panic in which people may be injured. Similarly, one may have a right to speak out on a particular subject, in the sense that there are no contractual agreements which prohibit him/her from doing so, but it may be the case that it would be morally wrong for one to do so because it would harm innocent people, such as one’s fellow workers and stockholders who are not responsible for the wrongdoing being disclosed. The fact that one has the right to speak out does not mean that one should do so in every case. But this kind of consideration cannot create an complete prohibition against whistle-blowing because one must weigh the harm to fellow workers and stockholders caused by disclosure against the harm to others caused by allowing the organizational wrong to continue. Further more, the moral principles that you must consider all people’s interests equally prohibits giving preference to one’s own group. So there most be considered justification for not giving as much weight to the interest of the stockholders investing in corporate firms because they do so with the knowledge that they take on financial risk if management acts illegally or immorally. Same as if the employees of a company know that it is engaged in illegal or immoral activities and do not take action, including whistle blowing, to end the activities, then they must bear some of the guilt for the actions. These in turn cancel the principles that one should refrain from blowing the whistle because speaking out would cause harm to the organization. Unless it can be shown that the harm to the employees and stockholders would be significantly greater than the harm caused by the organizational wrong doing, the obligation to avoid unnecessary harm to the public must come first. This must be true even when there is specific agreements not to speak out. Because ones obligation to the public overrides one’s obligation to maintain secrecy. If the arguments which I have just made are valid then the position of whistle blowing is never justified because it involves a violation of loyalty and confidentiality, or that whistle blowing is always right because it is an exercise of the right to free speech and is morally justified. Then the obligation a person has to prevent avoidable harm to others overrides any obligations of confidentiality and loyalty, making it an obligation to blow the whistle on illegal or unethical acts. Now that I have set down some moral ground rules that help determine if your responsible or justified in blowing the whistle on big business, I would like to share with you an example of what happened to a company and a employee of a company that has had the whistle blown on them. In this first case a pilot of eastern whistle comes clean on what he suspects to be serious design problem with the new Lockheed 1011, wide body aircraft. At the time Dan blew the whistle, he was flying regularly scheduled flights for Eastern airlines as well as being involved in flight training and engineering safety, for Eastern airlines. Mr. Gellert was also a graduate of Air Force Safety School, the Army Crash Survival Investigators coarse, and the aerospace Systems Safety, all highly regarded safety courses. The problem, which Mr. Gellert suspected, was of unexplainable crashes in a flight simulator while using the auto pilot system . The L-1011 defect involved the complex interaction between the crew and the autopilot and related instruments, which they relied upon to conduct a safe approach to a runway when landing the aircraft. Mr. Gellert became aware of the problem on a routine flight while using the L-1011. While flying the aircraft with the autopilot engaged and cruising at 10,000 feet with 230 passengers, Gellert dropped his flight plan. As he went to pick it up, his elbow hit the control stick in front of him causing the plane to go in a steep dive something that should not happen. Fortunately, he was able to grab the stick and ease the plane back on course. What had happened was that that while bumping the stick, he had tripped off the autopilot. Instead of holding the plane at 10,000 feet, it had switched from its â€Å"command mode† to â€Å"control steering†. As a result, when the stick moved forward, causing the plane to dive, the autopilot, rather than holding the aircraft on course held it in a dive. There was no warning to the pilot, such as alarms or light and the autopilot’s altimeter indicated that the plane was flying at 10,000 feet, a dangerously wrong reading. After this incident Gellert told an Eastern management official what had happened and the official replied â€Å"we’ll look into it. But three months later from the time he reported the incident an Eastern airlines flight approaching Miami International Airport crashed. The crew had used the autopilot to land the plane and it had malfunctioned crashing into the everglades. The first step that Mr. Gellert took in blowing the whistle on Eastern airlines and Lockheed was to write a two page evaluation of the auto pilots problems and send them to, Frank Borman, then vice-president of operations; Floyd Hall, chairman of the board , and Samuel Higgenbottom, president of operations. The only response was from Borman that said, it was â€Å"pure folly† that the autopilot caused the accident. He also sent two copies to the NTSB (National Transportation Safety Board. ) which agreed with Gellert and asked him to testify against Eastern and Lockheed. Even with his testimony on his experiences with the auto pilot system NTSB found that a defect in the autopilot caused the crash, but attributed the tragedy to â€Å"pilot error† because the crew did not react fast enough. At this point eastern has done nothing to keep Gellert from doing his job . Until he had the same situation happened to him on two separate occasions, which prompted him to write a twelve-page petition to the NTSB as well as to top management. Gellert was immediately demoted to co-pilot. â€Å"Twice a year pilots bid on a base, a position, or a particular aircraft. † The first indication that he was being penalized by the company for his written petitions. At the same time the NTSB began to put pressure on eastern to make alterations to it’s aircraft’s. The pressure that went along with confronting eastern management forced Gillert to take a three- year leave of absence. And when Gillert decided to return to work, eastern denied him, questioning his ability to fly an aircraft concerned with his mental state. Eastern grounded Gillert indefinitely. A civil suit was filed and won by Gellert . The jury found Eastern guilty and awarded him 1. 5 million in damages, which were never paid, due to appeals. Gellert also filed a grievance to get reinstated as a pilot , which he won but Eastern refused to instate him as a full time pilot . The bottom line is that eastern was making life hard on Gillard because he wanted to do the right thing , he was aware of a problem which he tried to bring to the attention of the executives in charge . He was a dedicated employee and was only concerned about the safety of the people Eastern was flying and in turn Eastern continues to punish him and make his life extremely hard. I believe what has happened in the above summary of the Eastern airline case is that which is common among whistle blowers. Employees that decide to blow the whistle on big business for the greater good of the people are often subject to countless acts of discrimination. Employees are often demoted, pushed aside, put down ,alienated from the industry, and made their lives extremely uncomfortable for the mere fact that they tried to do the right thing. Gellert felt that the autopilot was defective yet management refused to listen, and then when it was to late and an accident occurred management didn’t want to know , because they didn’t want to except responsibility for not addressing the problem in the first place. If anything Gellert should have been rewarded for trying to prevent a disaster but instead, as is common for many whistle blowers he was punished. Employees who discover apparent wrong-doing have several options, they can turn a blind eye and continue as normal, raise the matter internally and hope for the best, blow the whistle outside while trying to remain anonymous, blow the whistle and take the full force of employer disapproval, resign and remain silent, or resign and blow the whistle. The key is minimizing the risk to you as an employee. As I have shown to blow the whistle requires a great deal of care and patience. Yet sometimes employees do not always make good judgements in the heat of the moment. Allowing himself or herself to be more vulnerable then someone who takes the time to plan and receive advice to do it right. Some simple questions will help to minimize your risk and determine if blowing the whistle is really necessary. First, make sure the situation is one that warrants whistle blowing. Secondly, you should carefully examine your motives. Third, verify and document your information. Fourth, determine the type of wrongdoing involved and to whom it should be reported. Fifth, state your allegations in appropriate ways. Sixth, decide whether the whistle blowing should be internal or external and if it should be open or anonymous. Seventh, make sure you follow proper guidelines in reporting the wrongdoing. And last you should consult a lawyer and anticipate as well as document retaliation. With all this said there is really no sure way to go about making the right choice on weather to blow the whistle or not. Employees that are forced to blow the whistle are often forced to do so because their concerns are not given fair hearings by their employers. This results in damage to both the whistleblower and the organization. Yet if wrong doing with in an organization go undetected, they can result in even in greater damage to the workforce, and the public at large. Whistle blowing is an effective way to regulate business internally and should not be discriminated against. In researching this paper it has come to my attention that whistle blowers may never have it easy. The possibility of causing career suicide should be maintained at the lowest level possible. A good indication of the how genuinely ethical our society is how organizations treats its whistleblowers. I can only hope that we will improve in the next coming century than continue on the course we have set for ourselves in the past. I strongly believe that society owes an immense gratitude to its whistle blowers and that they will soon be praised for coming forward instead of punished. Blowing the Truth out I would like to first explain what whistle blowing is and detail some the following important moral issues that go along with whistle blowing. I will try to show how this could affect any one by going over a classic case of an Eastern Airlines pilot . As well as considering how an individual can protect him or herself from becoming the victim when trying to blow the whistle. Under what circumstances, if any, is whistle blowing morally justified? Some people have argued that whistle blowing is never justified because employees have absolute obligations of confidentiality and loyalty to the organization for which they work. People who argue this way see no difference between employees who reveal trade secrets by selling information to competitors, and whistle – blowers who disclose activities harmful to others. This position is similar to another held by some business people that the sole obligation of corporate executives is to make a profit for the stockholders. If this were true, corporate executives would have no obligations to the public. However, no matter what one’s special obligation, one is never exempt from the general obligations we have to our fellow human beings. One of the most fundamental of these obligations is not to cause harm to others. Corporate executives are no more exempt from this obligation than other people. Corporations in democratic societies are run with the expectations that they will function in ways that are compatible with the public interest. Corporations in democratic societies are also run with the expectations that they will not only obey the law governing their activities, but will not do anything that undermines basic democratic processes, such as bribing public officials. In addition to having the obligation to make money for stockholders, corporate executives have the obligation to see that these obligations are complied within an organization. They also have obligations to the company’s employees, for example to maintain a safe working place. It is the failure of corporate executives to fulfill obligations of the types mentioned that create the need for whistle blowing. Just as the special obligations of corporate executives to stockholders cannot override their more fundamental obligations to others, the special obligations of employees to employer cannot override their more fundamental obligations. Such as obligations of confidentiality and loyalty cannot take precedence over the fundamental duty to act in ways that prevent unnecessary harm to others. Agreements to keep something secret have no moral standing unless the secret is itself morally justifiable. For example a no person can have an obligation to keep a secret of a plot to murder someone, because murder is an immoral act. It is for this reason also that employees have a legal obligation to report an employer who has committed or is about to commit a felony. Although there are obvious differences between the situation of employees who work for government agencies and those who work for private firms, if we leave apart the special case in which national security was involved, then the same principles apply to both. The Codes of Ethics of Government Service to which all government employees are expected to conform requires that employees put loyalty to moral principles and the national interest above loyalty to the public parties or the agency for which they work. Neither can one justify participation in an illegal or immoral activity by arguing that one was merely following orders. It has also been argued that whistle blowing is always justified because it is an exercise of the right to free speech. But, the right to free speech is not perfect. An example to shout â€Å"Fire† in a crowded theater because that is likely to cause a panic in which people may be injured. Similarly, one may have a right to speak out on a particular subject, in the sense that there are no contractual agreements which prohibit him/her from doing so, but it may be the case that it would be morally wrong for one to do so because it would harm innocent people, such as one’s fellow workers and stockholders who are not responsible for the wrongdoing being disclosed. The fact that one has the right to speak out does not mean that one should do so in every case. But this kind of consideration cannot create an complete prohibition against whistle-blowing because one must weigh the harm to fellow workers and stockholders caused by disclosure against the harm to others caused by allowing the organizational wrong to continue. Further more, the moral principles that you must consider all people’s interests equally prohibits giving preference to one’s own group. So there most be considered justification for not giving as much weight to the interest of the stockholders investing in corporate firms because they do so with the knowledge that they take on financial risk if management acts illegally or immorally. Same as if the employees of a company know that it is engaged in illegal or immoral activities and do not take action, including whistle blowing, to end the activities, then they must bear some of the guilt for the actions. These in turn cancel the principles that one should refrain from blowing the whistle because speaking out would cause harm to the organization. Unless it can be shown that the harm to the employees and stockholders would be significantly greater than the harm caused by the organizational wrong doing, the obligation to avoid unnecessary harm to the public must come first. This must be true even when there is specific agreements not to speak out. Because ones obligation to the public overrides one’s obligation to maintain secrecy. If the arguments which I have just made are valid then the position of whistle blowing is never justified because it involves a violation of loyalty and confidentiality, or that whistle blowing is always right because it is an exercise of the right to free speech and is morally justified. Then the obligation a person has to prevent avoidable harm to others overrides any obligations of confidentiality and loyalty, making it an obligation to blow the whistle on illegal or unethical acts. Now that I have set down some moral ground rules that help determine if your responsible or justified in blowing the whistle on big business, I would like to share with you an example of what happened to a company and a employee of a company that has had the whistle blown on them. In this first case a pilot of eastern whistle comes clean on what he suspects to be serious design problem with the new Lockheed 1011, wide body aircraft. At the time Dan blew the whistle, he was flying regularly scheduled flights for Eastern airlines as well as being involved in flight training and engineering safety, for Eastern airlines. Mr. Gellert was also a graduate of Air Force Safety School, the Army Crash Survival Investigators coarse, and the aerospace Systems Safety, all highly regarded safety courses. The problem, which Mr. Gellert suspected, was of unexplainable crashes in a flight simulator while using the auto pilot system . The L-1011 defect involved the complex interaction between the crew and the autopilot and related instruments, which they relied upon to conduct a safe approach to a runway when landing the aircraft. Mr. Gellert became aware of the problem on a routine flight while using the L-1011. While flying the aircraft with the autopilot engaged and cruising at 10,000 feet with 230 passengers, Gellert dropped his flight plan. As he went to pick it up, his elbow hit the control stick in front of him causing the plane to go in a steep dive something that should not happen. Fortunately, he was able to grab the stick and ease the plane back on course. What had happened was that that while bumping the stick, he had tripped off the autopilot. Instead of holding the plane at 10,000 feet, it had switched from its â€Å"command mode† to â€Å"control steering†. As a result, when the stick moved forward, causing the plane to dive, the autopilot, rather than holding the aircraft on course held it in a dive. There was no warning to the pilot, such as alarms or light and the autopilot’s altimeter indicated that the plane was flying at 10,000 feet, a dangerously wrong reading. After this incident Gellert told an Eastern management official what had happened and the official replied â€Å"we’ll look into it. But three months later from the time he reported the incident an Eastern airlines flight approaching Miami International Airport crashed. The crew had used the autopilot to land the plane and it had malfunctioned crashing into the everglades. The first step that Mr. Gellert took in blowing the whistle on Eastern airlines and Lockheed was to write a two page evaluation of the auto pilots problems and send them to, Frank Borman, then vice-president of operations; Floyd Hall, chairman of the board , and Samuel Higgenbottom, president of operations. The only response was from Borman that said, it was â€Å"pure folly† that the autopilot caused the accident. He also sent two copies to the NTSB (National Transportation Safety Board. ) which agreed with Gellert and asked him to testify against Eastern and Lockheed. Even with his testimony on his experiences with the auto pilot system NTSB found that a defect in the autopilot caused the crash, but attributed the tragedy to â€Å"pilot error† because the crew did not react fast enough. At this point eastern has done nothing to keep Gellert from doing his job . Until he had the same situation happened to him on two separate occasions, which prompted him to write a twelve-page petition to the NTSB as well as to top management. Gellert was immediately demoted to co-pilot. â€Å"Twice a year pilots bid on a base, a position, or a particular aircraft. † The first indication that he was being penalized by the company for his written petitions. At the same time the NTSB began to put pressure on eastern to make alterations to it’s aircraft’s. The pressure that went along with confronting eastern management forced Gillert to take a three- year leave of absence. And when Gillert decided to return to work, eastern denied him, questioning his ability to fly an aircraft concerned with his mental state. Eastern grounded Gillert indefinitely. A civil suit was filed and won by Gellert . The jury found Eastern guilty and awarded him 1. 5 million in damages, which were never paid, due to appeals. Gellert also filed a grievance to get reinstated as a pilot , which he won but Eastern refused to instate him as a full time pilot . The bottom line is that eastern was making life hard on Gillard because he wanted to do the right thing , he was aware of a problem which he tried to bring to the attention of the executives in charge . He was a dedicated employee and was only concerned about the safety of the people Eastern was flying and in turn Eastern continues to punish him and make his life extremely hard. I believe what has happened in the above summary of the Eastern airline case is that which is common among whistle blowers. Employees that decide to blow the whistle on big business for the greater good of the people are often subject to countless acts of discrimination. Employees are often demoted, pushed aside, put down ,alienated from the industry, and made their lives extremely uncomfortable for the mere fact that they tried to do the right thing. Gellert felt that the autopilot was defective yet management refused to listen, and then when it was to late and an accident occurred management didn’t want to know , because they didn’t want to except responsibility for not addressing the problem in the first place. If anything Gellert should have been rewarded for trying to prevent a disaster but instead, as is common for many whistle blowers he was punished. Employees who discover apparent wrong-doing have several options, they can turn a blind eye and continue as normal, raise the matter internally and hope for the best, blow the whistle outside while trying to remain anonymous, blow the whistle and take the full force of employer disapproval, resign and remain silent, or resign and blow the whistle. The key is minimizing the risk to you as an employee. As I have shown to blow the whistle requires a great deal of care and patience. Yet sometimes employees do not always make good judgements in the heat of the moment. Allowing himself or herself to be more vulnerable then someone who takes the time to plan and receive advice to do it right. Some simple questions will help to minimize your risk and determine if blowing the whistle is really necessary. First, make sure the situation is one that warrants whistle blowing. Secondly, you should carefully examine your motives. Third, verify and document your information. Fourth, determine the type of wrongdoing involved and to whom it should be reported. Fifth, state your allegations in appropriate ways. Sixth, decide whether the whistle blowing should be internal or external and if it should be open or anonymous. Seventh, make sure you follow proper guidelines in reporting the wrongdoing. And last you should consult a lawyer and anticipate as well as document retaliation. With all this said there is really no sure way to go about making the right choice on weather to blow the whistle or not. Employees that are forced to blow the whistle are often forced to do so because their concerns are not given fair hearings by their employers. This results in damage to both the whistleblower and the organization. Yet if wrong doing with in an organization go undetected, they can result in even in greater damage to the workforce, and the public at large. Whistle blowing is an effective way to regulate business internally and should not be discriminated against. In researching this paper it has come to my attention that whistle blowers may never have it easy. The possibility of causing career suicide should be maintained at the lowest level possible. A good indication of the how genuinely ethical our society is how organizations treats its whistleblowers. I can only hope that we will improve in the next coming century than continue on the course we have set for ourselves in the past. I strongly believe that society owes an immense gratitude to its whistle blowers and that they will soon be praised for coming forward instead of punished.