Tax Memos Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assessment Memos - Essay Example Under Section 1212, Anita will be qualified for convey forward this capital deficit to succeeding years, if there is a total deficit including all other comparable kind of exchanges including capital exchange. Also, Anita can guarantee a derivation of $600 from available pay, since it is well inside the cutoff points summing $3000, under Section 1211 (Cornell University Law School, â€Å"Limitation on Capital Losses†). While breaking down this circumstance, Anita, being a citizen needs to allude to Section 267 of US Code of tax assessment, in the event that she needs to offer the stocks to her sister, Kathy (Cornell University Law School, â€Å"Losses, Expenses and Interest concerning exchanges between Related Tax Payers†). Under Section 267, Kathy would be considered as a related gathering in this kind of exchange between the two, Anita and Kathy and consequently the measure of reasoning won't be accessible at that point. Be that as it may, offer of the stocks to her c ompanion, Marcia won't draw in Section 267. Marcia and Dave, who are hitched to one another is anticipating a separation understanding. They have two youngsters and will be in the care of Marcia after their division. As per the separation understanding Dave chooses to fend the pontoon and emit the home to Marcia. Dave and Marcia will likewise need to settle on whether Marcia will get the stocks which were procured at $100,000 and having a current market estimation of $150,000 or as yearly installments to Marcia for a long time, with an included yearly premium @ 8% p.a. On investigating this circumstance, the main thought would be the duty outcomes because of the exchange and settlement of properties. The quick assessment ramifications will be nil in light of the fact that Under Section 1041, any exchange of property inside 1 year of the separation won't add up to any pick up or misfortune. In any case, it can have an impact in future, following 1 year, when either the home or the vessel is sold by any of them and it can draw in capital

Problems associated with hangings at Tyburn Essay Example for Free

Issues related with hangings at Tyburn Essay In Britain the discipline of execution was given to all the hoodlums they balance the lawbreakers by neck till the passing, for this reason the Tyburn utilized the old trees, they hanged numerous individuals by at once and in early periods the execution was acted before all the individuals of nation this movement was the focal point of fascination for all the individuals at whatever point they come to realize that they are going to hang somebody. They all used to accumulate there and watch it, the principal gallon was sufficient to drape ten individuals at the occasions however later on they alter it and make it littler than before yet at the same time it was equipped for balancing 6 individuals one after another, later on the protestant power them to quit giving this discipline on each wrongdoing whether its little or enormous they simply sentence the hanging till death which was not considered as the ethical demonstration. Later on they halted execution before residents and give this discipline in jail just within the sight of William Willis, the central caretaker, the specialist of the jail, the senator and furthermore another corrections officer. This article likewise examines all the insights regarding the hanging procedure, the progressions which were made and what the individuals accepts about this procedure. The perception shows that couple of individuals accepts that the execution ought to completed to spare our country and tomorrow and they additionally consider execution great as it gives the exercise to different lawbreakers while then again barely any individuals accepted that execution is an appalling demonstration which ought to be halted and the administration should give one opportunity to each illicit individual, in this article we will talk about the entirety of the realities and afterward concoct the end. Hanging of Tyburn In an Anglo-Saxon period the Britain abuse the procedure of execution for humanitarian the rebuke to the occupants who initiated any wrongdoing like assault, murdering somebody or when anybody go past their profound accepts and execute any sort of fault contrary to their strict accepts and so forth. Up to the year 1868 reprimand were surrendered out in facing of huge number of individuals this detach route for charitable discipline end up being the inspiration of energy for the network of Tyburn, practically the entirety of the residents accumulate round there so as to perceive how did they hanged the guilty party anyway later on in the Gala Days time the hanging were to be had in the prison, the huge group additionally gather there to challenge this execution for the explanation that various individuals from their general public were dead a direct result of this discipline so they begin challenging it. The history gives you a thought that there were just about 10,935 capital punishments in England alongside Wales alone, for the length of the years 1735 to 1964, these executions comprise of on 10,378 men just as 557 ladies. This technique for rebuke was turning into the terrorizing for the masses of England step by step, they utilize their verifiable trees for considerate this discipline, these trees were immense as much as important to hang up eight men one after another. To exhibit the specific scene of hanging let us see how would they perform it, it is accepted at the hour of hanging the executioner is watched coolly smoking his channel, they bring the denounced in the truck go along his stone coffin alongside an exhortative cleric the number of inhabitants in Britain doesn't care for thusly of discipline at all and they simply needed to get ride of this. (Hanging, March, 23, 2000; Lesley Nelson). In the year 1783 ninth of December the main executions was seen on New gate’s, new drop framework, around then nine men just as one lady were dangled simultaneously. Edward Dennis alongside William Brunskill played out this execution planned for a combination of offenses. It was a huge box like structure with two uprights supporting two equal shafts from which a limit of twelve hoodlums could be hanged without a moment's delay. There was a stage in which detainee stood, the stage had the length of 10 feet and the width of 8 feet, when the switch or pin was moved the activity on a drawbar under the drop happens after this they generally tumbled to level of their knee it is accepted that the new drop had 96 clients flanked by February in addition December of 1785, by methods for 20 men be suspended booked on the second of February of that time. During the mid of the year’s 1820s, the method of discipline as hangings turned out to be less normal than previously, the twofold shaft hangman's tree was not any more utilized in the process hanging and were substitute with a singular pillar model however this single bar scaffold was still enough to drape six individuals one after another. In the year 1571, the tyburn organized the triple tree; the purpose behind setting up these trees was to wipe out past minute structures, so they can dangle 24 criminal at once. In the year 1649, 23rd of June they balanced 23 men just as one lady in light of the fact that these individuals were honest for thievery notwithstanding burglary; these 24 detainee have been get across at the situation of execution in 8 trucks (Execution at Tyburn). There was a further incredible execution in the year 1740 on eighteenth of March ensuing to the well known shoplifter and burglar, Jenny Diver who was hanged with 19 extra hoodlums. Until the year's end 1759 the Tyburn’s triple tree was stayed in their utilization. Later on the progressions were made in procedure of execution they were changed when lastly it was lawfully demonstrated that executions should just make in the penitentiaries as it was harming the mankind from the populace step by step, it is the accept of individuals that by hanging individuals straightforwardly they should be answerable for making the others blameless individuals terrified too. In the year 1900 the execution was just done on jail. Let us examine run of the mill execution of 1900’s now, toward the start of world war one few the prison by and large permitted the press correspondents to be there just at the hour of execution when the male criminal was being hanged. The report of hanging in Abel Atherton at Durham in the year 1909 eighth of December the execution stay alive of Henry Pierrepoint, the columnist relate that it was early morning 7. 50 a. m of Wednesday, the individual who works under the Sheriff makes his entrance in the jail alongside the three journalists of paper. Two of the overseers purchased the Atherton in to the zone of the specialist, the hands of Atherton were immobilize, later on they show the path frontward to the hangman's tree all through an exhibit which was additionally comprising of the Chief Warder, the Atherton was confined by the assistance of caretakers on both of the side, Pierrepoint alongside his subordinates which incorporates William Willis, the central caretaker, the specialist of the jail, the representative and furthermore another corrections officer. At the point when the Chaplain was in participation inside the cottage around then Atherton was plunged, his legs were hold somewhere near Willis at when he was dove in behind of Willis legs, the noose was set over the head of Atherton and the noose was likewise acclimated before pulling the white hood above him by the Pierrepoint. Near to the assize justices clock actuate striking at that hour Pierrepoint unconfined the fence in giving Atherton. The way toward hanging must be over before the striking of clock halted, the press men portrays that when they looked down they feel like that Athertons demise was prompt and his body was all the while hanging totally. The chime of the jail started clangor notwithstanding the executing shed was bolted up separating Atherton floating on the rope structured as the customary hour. This was of execution was obviously superior to before yet at the same time hanging was estimated as the demonstration contiguous the moral qualities. Hardly any years after the fact little upset were made in execution however this law stays same and the individuals start the more dissent against these goes about as they were never for murdering somebody. Presently we will have a point by point sees on history occurrences which shows what do the individuals accept about it and ho did they take hanging be neck for any alcoholic of transgression whether its theft. Assault, murder or prostitution, we will likewise audit what are the accepts of networks about execution and what are the requests of residents identified with the discipline of hanging till death (The historical backdrop of legal hanging in Britain 1735-1964). The last occurrence of hanging happen in Scotland in the year 1820, they hanged the 22 men together these individuals were held tight thirteenth and fourteenth of July. Before the half of the century individuals started to give their belief system about this reprimand it was John Locke who uncovers that the most significant goal of administration of the state was the protection of national another explanation concurring his perspective for this demonstration could be to give security to the property and furthermore for making sure about the life of the individual. It is accepted that Lockes considerations were decently in recognition by methods for a noninterventionist state appearance which suggested the lenient guideline of riches in addition to announce. He was the one whose announcements shows that he was in the kindness of execution and he puts forth his all attempt to make this reality understood in the eye of watcher however he didn't accomplish his objective totally.

My Kind Of Party

My Kind Of Party So typically when people hear the words fraternity party, they think wild and crazy kids in togas. If by togas you mean suits and ties, then youre correct. So this past weekend, my fraternity hosted a party, a soiree if you will. I think the only crazy part of this party might have been my choice in shirt and tie combination. Basically, each semester, our chef, Karen, who is a trained pastry chef, makes some of the most delectable desserts on this side of the country including chocolate mousse, flan, and chocolate-covered strawberries. So typically, we just invite our friends over to our house to enjoy some dessert, smooth jazz, and karaoke as the night goes on. Most people dress to impress although halfway through the night, I was tempted to switch from dress shoes to flip-flops. This night was extra-nice because prior to the actual event we had a little mixer with our awesome rush helpers who helped us throughout rush week to get out 14 NEW BROTHERS (note the excitement). Anyhoo, for those of you who cant imagine what some of the best desserts on this side of the country might look like or how far I went to stick out on this evening, here are some pictures from the night: I think you know these two. Team ChemE Some of the most awesome people EVER (pictured from left to right: Yonas, Elyse, Mitra, Christi, Bryan, Sam) Check back tomorrow. Same Bat Time, Same Bat Channel.

Police Officer, Martin Mcfadden - 1822 Words

On October 31st, 1963, in Cleveland, Ohio, Officer Martin McFadden observed two men standing outside a storefront acting suspiciously. He watched one of the men walk down the street pausing to look in a store window. At the end of the street the man turned around and proceeded to walk back, pausing at the same store window as on his way down. Upon reaching the other man, the two mingled and talked to each other. Officer McFadden witnessed these men do this several times. Officer McFadden concerned the men were â€Å"casing a job†, then followed the two men, and watched as they met up in front of Zucker’s Store. At this point, Officer McFadden walked up to the men, identified himself as a police officer, and asked for their names. He asked the first man, Terry to turn around. He frisked him, and, feeling a pistol frame inside Terry s overcoat, ordered the men into the store. Terry and Chilton were charged with possession of a concealed weapon, and were each sentenced to three-years in prison. The arrest of Terry set in motion a series of lower court cases that ultimately led to the landmark Supreme Court case that addressed the Fourth Amendment right against unreasonable searches and seizures. The United States Supreme Court decided the case of Terry v. Ohio on June 10, 1968. The question that arises in the Terry v. Ohio case has to do with the Fourth Amendment, specifically the line the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, againstShow MoreRelatedStop And Frisk : Common Term1202 Words   |  5 Pagesafternoon on October 31, 1963, a detective with the Cleveland police department was near the location of 1276 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. The detective was Martin McFadden who has been a police officer for thirty-nine years, and for thirty-five of those years he has been a detective. Detective McFadden for the past thirty years has been patrolling the downtown business district for shoplifters and pick p icketers. In doing this, McFadden had developed a routine around how he observes people. OnRead MoreJohn W. Terry V. Ohio1512 Words   |  7 PagesJohn W. Terry v. Ohio On October 31, 1963 a Cleveland Police Detective stopped and arrested three men outside a department store window. The officer charged two of the men with carrying concealed weapons. One of the men involved in this stop and frisk, John W. Terry, challenged the ruling, stating that it was against his 4th Amendment rights to be searched for weapons by an off duty police officer without probable cause for arrest. On June 10, 1968 the Supreme Court ruled 8-1 in favor of the policemanRead MoreTerry V. Ohio Case1853 Words   |  8 Pagesstopped and later searched by Officer Martin McFadden because he suspected Terry of â€Å"casing† out a store to rob. McFadden decided to search Terry’s clothing for weapons before he questioned him about his suspicious behavior. The Fourth Amendment applies to this case because it protects people from â€Å"unreasonable searches and seizures† without a warrant or probable cause. The reason I chose this particular case to analyze is b ecause it is a clear example of an officer using his experience to recognizeRead MoreTerry Vs. Ohio, 392 U.s.1010 Words   |  5 Pagescitizens and officers of the law. The Supreme Court of Ohio reviewed the decision of the 5th Ohio Court of Appeals. This case was of particular importance it helped establish what type of search and seizure behavior was lawful and unlawful on the part of officers, and set clear guidelines. The rulings in this case pertain to the Fourteenth Amendment (Cornell University Law School, n.d.). FACTS: In a hearing concerning a motion to suppress admission of evidence, Cleveland Detective Martin McFaddenRead MoreA Perfect Utopia Of Democracy1185 Words   |  5 Pagesdetective Martin McFadden observed John Terry, Richard Chilton, and another man behaving suspiciously in downtown Cleveland, as they appeared to be scouting a store for a potential stick-up job. Detective McFadden proceeded to confront the men, search them, and found a gun on both Terry and Chilton (Barrett). Both men had been charged with possession of a concealed weapon. The defendants claimed that the search violated the fourth amendment, while prosecutors claimed that detective McFadden had causeRead MoreHypothetical Cases754 Words   |  4 Pagesfrisk the detective Martin McFadden observed two men, John Terry and Richard Chilton, walking back and forward along an identical route. They were joined by a third man, Katz, who left after a brief conversation. McFadden followed terry and Chilton and saw the m rejoin with Katz a couple of blocks away. The officer approached them and asked their names. He patted down the individuals finding two weapons. Terry and Chilton were charged with carrying concealed weapons. The police action is rightRead MoreThe Man Of The Men1479 Words   |  6 Pages On October 31, 1963 officer Martin McFadden, dressed in plain clothes on patrol, observed three men acting walking back and forth in front of a jewelry store. With over 35 years of police experience under his belt, he was suspicious that the men were about to rob the store. The men walked back and forth in front of the store 24 times. As the men walked back and forth, they would stop and look in the same store window of the store. They would then group together and talk quickly. After this conferenceRead MoreThe Second Amendment Of The United States1666 Words   |  7 Pagesindividual’s privacy against intrusive police search and seizure when an officer’s discretion is the sole reasoning for initiation? It has been argued that racially-biased policing largely began with the Drug Enforcement Agency’s Operation Pipeline, a 1984 training program that instructed 25,000 state and local enforcement officers across the United States to identify and search potential d rug smugglers and carriers. The training also contained a section that trained officers to consider the suspects’ raceRead MoreConstitutionality of Stop and Frisk1436 Words   |  6 Pagesreasonable caution who believes that a crime has been committed and the person accused has committed that crime. Modern law has afforded police officers an incentive to respect this amendment, known as the â€Å"stop and frisk† act. The Stop and Frisk law allows police officers to stop someone and do a quick search of their outer clothing for weapons: if the officer has a reasonable suspicion that a crime has or is about to take place and the person stopped is armed or dangerous. The reasonable suspicionRead MoreThe Dangers of Racial Profiling625 Words   |  2 Pagesfrisk, racial vehicle stops, and the Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act also known as Arizona SB 1070. In October of the year 1963, two strangers were visually perceived on a corner by Cleveland Police Department detective Martin McFadden Cleveland, Ohio. Officer McFadden stated that he saw the men pausing and staring suspiciously inside the same store window and both were seen making multiple trips back and forth, which they did for a total of about 24 times. At the end of each trip

Tattoos And Pop Culture - 1923 Words

When you think of social issues there are many that come to mind ,but there is one that though it effects many is overlooked. That issue is the acceptance of tattoos into our main stream culture. Tattoos actually have a very long history in our culture, but in the past, was concentrated in small out of the way pockets of society like the military and criminals. This has slowly started to change and tattoos have started to make their way into the commonplace. This transition into an age of acceptance is not only moral move, but a logical one, this claim can be justified with the with deep traditional roots and personal experience that tattoos hold for the people that adorn their skin with them. To truly understand why the acceptance of†¦show more content†¦These meanings also show how deep the tradition in the military is with the tattoos becoming like a language. These tattoos and their popularity would find their height a 1900 â€Å"an estimated 90 percent of sailors in the United States Navy were tattooed†1 . After this there was a decline for some years, but tattoos never really went away and have been back on the rise. Though tattoos are a tradition within the military, like many other things having to do with members of the services appearance there has been steps taken to regulate them. An early example of this â€Å"in 1909, the government outlawed the recruitment of would-be sailors bearing indecent or obscene tattoos.†1 This policy of banning offensive or â€Å"extreme† tattoos still holds today in the military’s tattoo polices and is has not been detrimental to most recruits as is said in Finbar’s article Tattoos have become more common in this generation—but it doesn t prohibit applicants looking for a job from the military. Only the ASVAB [Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery test] score, a physical and their upstanding moral background determine jobs. The military doesn t disqualify people from jobs because of tattoos,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Body Art543 Words   |  3 Pagessex partner, to show of their wealth or social status, or to just make an outgoing statement about themselves. Is body art really a pop culture? Our dissatisfaction with the human body and its covering is expressed in endless change. This results in the desire and adoption of a trend, these trends are shown through ways such as piercing, body painting, and tattoos, Body piercing has grown in popularity over the past five years especially among American teenagers who pierce just about anythingRead MoreContent Of Pop Culture : What Should Be Censored?910 Words   |  4 Pagesxual Content in Pop Culture: What Should Be Censored? The subject of this assignment is about pop culture, sexual content, and censorship. When it comes to the subject of music I do not, or try not, to listen to music nor watch music videos that insinuates secular or sexual content. I have thought about the messages that TV and music send to its viewers and whether or not these messages are beneficial or harmful. My two favorite (secular) songs are Lauryn Hill’s â€Å"Doo-Wop (that thing)† and AmericanRead MoreFor Centuries, Ink On Skin Has Been A Synonym For Social1060 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen a synonym for social markers, group identity, and perpetration of traditions. Tattoos in the past were a permanent hallmark--a stamp of authenticity and a mark of permanent fidelity to a cause, a group, or to an identity. They were a loud statement of culture and belonging. They served as amulets, symbols, and religious traditions. However, nowadays, tattoos seem just the product of a capricious and vain pop culture. They s eem cheap and easy souvenirs from travel adventure, bachelorette partiesRead MoreCultural Tattoos Essay1539 Words   |  7 PagesTattoos and Their Cultural Relevance For as long as there have been people, there have been methods of distinction amongst them. Throughout the years we have discovered ways in which to express our beliefs, our ideals, and our passions. Tattooing has been one of forefront methods in expressing our humanity, or in certain cases, our lack there of. For so many, they have taken on many different representations, each with an equal level of significance. The importance found in the symbolism of tattoosRead MoreTattoos Are Bad Or Bad?1361 Words   |  6 PagesTattoos are bad. This is something I have been told all my life. My father is a very authoritative figure. He stands at 6’3† and is a cut-to-the-shit type of guy. He makes sure that his views are heard even if it as trivial as talking through a movie to point out an error it made. He is not a fan of anything permanent on someone’s face or body; however, if his view is still unknown to someone, all he or she would have to do is bring up tattoo plans and his view will come out shortly after. OneRead MoreTattoos And Piercings : Work Environments1417 Words   |  6 Pages Tattoos and Piercings in Work Environments â€Å"According to a 2010 Pew Research report, about 23% of adults born between 1981 and 1991 have piercings other than their earlobe† (Pfeifer, Web). Also, in 2012, 2 in 10 adults in the United States reported to have at least one tattoo. That number has increased to 3 in 10 adults just last year in 2015 (Shannon-Missal, Web). The prevalence of tattoos and piercings have increased dramatically over the past few decades, especially in teens and young adultsRead MoreConcretization Essay example968 Words   |  4 Pagesaspect of â€Å"developed† or â€Å"first world† culture, a cloud of laziness accompanies any call to a challenge. Although finding an easier means of overcoming obstacles has been rooted in human existence since we came to roam the earth, it appears we have achieved a new level of indolence. Understanding abstract philosophical or religions bares no exception. To witness this one need look no further than todays pop culture. A quick Google se arch of â€Å"celebrity tattoos† yields upwards of 54 million resultsRead MoreResearch Report : What Are Tattoos1641 Words   |  7 PagesReport: What are Tattoos? Criteria A Name: Amna Saeed Class: MYP 3 Date: 9/29/17 Word count: 1589â€Æ' Research plan: What Why Time Priority Primary Research Secondary Research What are tattoos? To have knowledge about tattoos and can differentiate between tattoos and other products. 9/29/2017 High ïÆ' ¼ What is the history of tattoos? For inspiration from past ideas and products. 9/29/2017 Medium ïÆ' ¼ Are tattoos unacceptable? To know the opinions of society and how they affect types of tattoos. 9/29/2017Read MoreTattoos And Body Of Tattoos Essay1577 Words   |  7 PagesTattoos and body pierced has been in our society for many years. Back then when tattoos was not a thing, many culture and religion used to inked their skin. In 1920s tattoos was common on prisoner, sailor, bikers, and that is why a huge part of of the population does not accept tattoos. Now, these days the art of tattoos is increasing, making a lot of money every year. These days people are getting more and more tattoos, making themselves addicted to it. Body art is used by people to express theirRead MoreTattoos And The Tattoo Renaissance1554 Words   |  7 PagesWhen studying the history of tattoos, pinpointing the first time a tattoo was seen was almost impossible to do until 1991. An Iceman, named Otzi, was found by German hikers in 1991. Otzi was found covered with at least 57 tattoos (Huffington Post). Th is is to show that tattoos have been around for more than fifty-three hundred years. Otzi’s tattoos were discovered to be therapeutic and they consisted of lines and crosses all over the body. The next oldest tattoos were found on the Chinchorro mummy

Outline and Evaluate Research Into the Effects of Day Care on Social Development Free Essays

Belsky and Rovine (1988) conducted a study in order to assess attachment using the strange situation technique. They observed infants who had been receiving 20 hours or more of day care per week before the age of 1. Their findings suggested that, in comparison to children at home, these children were more often insecurely attached. We will write a custom essay sample on Outline and Evaluate Research Into the Effects of Day Care on Social Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now With insecure attachments being associated with poorer social relationships this may be considered a negative effect of day care. The NICHD started a longitudinal study in 1991 to study many aspects of child development. Similarly the NICHD study found that children who were in day care for more than 30 hours a week were 3 times more likely to show behaviour problems when they went to school. By comparing the two studies we can see that the amount of time spent in day care plays an important role in whether or not children showed negative effects. However Violata and Russell’s meta-analysis showed that when time spent in day care exceeds 20 hours a week negative effects become apparent however the NICHD study found this time to be 30 hours therefore the results are contradictory and inconsistent. The EPPE study was a large scale, longitudinal study of the progress and development of 3,000 children in various types of pre-school education across the UK. The results of the EPPE study found that high levels of day care, particularly nursery care in the first 2 years, may elevate the risk of developing anti-social behaviour. To some degree the EPPE study supports the findings of Belsky and Rovine’s study as both found that the age of the child when placed in day care contributed to whether or not it was perceived to have negative implications. However the two studies can only be looked at comparatively to a certain extent as Belsky and Rovine’s study assessed infants under the age of 1 whereas the EPPE study assessed children up to the age of 7. Clarke-Steward et al studied 150 children and found that those who were in day care were consistently more advanced in their social development than children who stayed home with mothers, enabling them to better deal with peer relationships. Likewise, the EPPE study found increased independence and sociability in the children who attended day care. Field (1991) found that the amount of time spent in full-time day care was positively correlated to the number of friends children has once they went to school. However, although these findings suggest that full-time day care had positive effects on the child, the results clash with studies conducted by Belsky and Rovine. This may be due to individual differences of the children assessed in both studies, for example shy children may have appeared insecure when assessed using the strange situation technique by Belsky and Rovine. Moreover the positive correlation shown in Field’s study cannot accurately be used as grounds to state that full-time day care causes children to be more popular as correlation is not causation. How to cite Outline and Evaluate Research Into the Effects of Day Care on Social Development, Essays

Outline and Evaluate Research Into the Effects of Day Care on Social Development Free Essays

Belsky and Rovine (1988) conducted a study in order to assess attachment using the strange situation technique. They observed infants who had been receiving 20 hours or more of day care per week before the age of 1. Their findings suggested that, in comparison to children at home, these children were more often insecurely attached. We will write a custom essay sample on Outline and Evaluate Research Into the Effects of Day Care on Social Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now With insecure attachments being associated with poorer social relationships this may be considered a negative effect of day care. The NICHD started a longitudinal study in 1991 to study many aspects of child development. Similarly the NICHD study found that children who were in day care for more than 30 hours a week were 3 times more likely to show behaviour problems when they went to school. By comparing the two studies we can see that the amount of time spent in day care plays an important role in whether or not children showed negative effects. However Violata and Russell’s meta-analysis showed that when time spent in day care exceeds 20 hours a week negative effects become apparent however the NICHD study found this time to be 30 hours therefore the results are contradictory and inconsistent. The EPPE study was a large scale, longitudinal study of the progress and development of 3,000 children in various types of pre-school education across the UK. The results of the EPPE study found that high levels of day care, particularly nursery care in the first 2 years, may elevate the risk of developing anti-social behaviour. To some degree the EPPE study supports the findings of Belsky and Rovine’s study as both found that the age of the child when placed in day care contributed to whether or not it was perceived to have negative implications. However the two studies can only be looked at comparatively to a certain extent as Belsky and Rovine’s study assessed infants under the age of 1 whereas the EPPE study assessed children up to the age of 7. Clarke-Steward et al studied 150 children and found that those who were in day care were consistently more advanced in their social development than children who stayed home with mothers, enabling them to better deal with peer relationships. Likewise, the EPPE study found increased independence and sociability in the children who attended day care. Field (1991) found that the amount of time spent in full-time day care was positively correlated to the number of friends children has once they went to school. However, although these findings suggest that full-time day care had positive effects on the child, the results clash with studies conducted by Belsky and Rovine. This may be due to individual differences of the children assessed in both studies, for example shy children may have appeared insecure when assessed using the strange situation technique by Belsky and Rovine. Moreover the positive correlation shown in Field’s study cannot accurately be used as grounds to state that full-time day care causes children to be more popular as correlation is not causation. How to cite Outline and Evaluate Research Into the Effects of Day Care on Social Development, Essays